Creative Intelligence †Mental Models Essay

Presentation Imaginative Intelligence is the capacity of brain to devise creative and brilliant answers for the issues looked in routine life. It is a fundamental segment of effective insight as it decides the possibility to venture out in front of the provided circumstances so as to deliver imaginative and fascinating thoughts. Such a circumstance shows up when an individual moves toward a path inverse to that of general conclusion with a rationale to create proficient intends to achieve the errand (Burt, 1931). The four styles of Creative Intelligence are: Intuitive, Innovative, Imaginative and Inspirational. The examination of these styles and their impact on hierarchical dynamic is as per the following- Instinctive: According to the natural style, the fundamental ideas and experiences of psyche are answerable for creating imaginative thoughts and deciding the choice to be taken. In such a style, statistical data points hold less significance and unpredictability of the circumstance isn't irritating. In natural style, steady changes in the inner just as the outside situations of the association are assumed, in advance. This style affects the association as choices are to a great extent assumed the premise of the fundamental comprehension of the workers. Inventive: according to the imaginative style of innovative insight, the imaginative capacity of the psyche to create striking answers for the issues increases high conspicuousness. Such style is normally described by out-of box thinking and flighty purpose of perspectives. Like the natural style, it doesn't concentrate a lot on the information and measurements. As each association wants novel and imaginative thoughts for its issues, subsequently, the inventive style assumes an essential job in the dynamic procedure. Innovative: In this style of inventive insight, an individual devisesâ new and innovative thoughts totally based on his creative mind abilities. Such a style requires the circumstance to be seen from an assortment of viewpoints and unraveled totally based on shear imaginative capability of the brain. It doesn't require numerous subtleties identified with the given conditions. Such a style impacts the dynamic procedure of an association by prescribing imaginative measures to determine the issue. Motivational: The persuasive style is a remarkable type of imaginative insight. As per this style, clever thoughts and arrangements are created by drawing motivation from the activities taken in circumstances of comparable nature. Such sort of inspiration can likewise be gotten from the figures recognized by the person. As opposed to different styles, it understands the significance of the subtleties identified with the circumstance. Additionally, the helpful style, improves the procedure of dynamic in a positive way by suggesting verified measures. Impact of Five powers on Mental Models-A psychological model records for an individual’s point of view about how things work in reality. As these models allude to an image or portrayal of outside realities, they are accepted to assume a critical job in dynamic (Sternberg, 1982). The five powers influence the psychological models existing in an association in a huge way. Because of these powers, the psychological models adjust to the adjustments in the inward and outside situations (Mental Models, Metaphor and Design, 2008). How Mental Models may constrain the dynamic procedure As the psychological models structure biased reactions to a given circumstance or an issue, they forestall the acquaintance of any new arrangements with tackle the current issues (Robles-De-La-Torre G. and Sekuler, 2004). For outline, the horrible showing of a worker attributable to certain inescapable measures would lead the HR Manager to take an off base choice about his future because of his set mental model. So also, an organization’s protective mentality would keep it from participating in a hazardous yet gainful undertaking (Increasing Intelligence, 2008). Normally utilized Mental Models and their effect on the dynamic procedure at the working environment- At the work environment, various mental models are utilized by the people to take choices in the given circumstance (Mental Models, 2008). On comparable lines, my dynamic procedure at the working environment is guided by the basic and useful mental models. So as to take a choice in the given circumstance, I initially utilize the practical model as it assists with realizing the genuine errand to be acted in the given conditions. For the most part, this psychological model fills in as the key reason for taking any sort of choice for the issue. In any case, so as to comprehend the components prompting the issue, the basic model is utilized. This model helps with understanding the different segments of the issues at the work environment and their associations with one another. Truth be told, both the models impact my dynamic procedure to a lot as they expect fluctuating hugeness relying upon the circumstance experienced at the working environment. Simultaneously, they help during the time spent accepting proper choices according to the prerequisite of the given circumstance. References Burt, C. 1931. _The Differentiation Of Intellectual Ability_. The British Journal of Educational Psychology. Robles-De-La-Torre G. and Sekuler R.. 2004. _Numerically Estimating Internal Models of Dynamic Virtual Objects_. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. Sternberg, R.J. 1982. _Handbook of human intelligence_. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Expanding Intelligence. (2008). Recovered April 17, 2008, from http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/clients/reingold/courses/knowledge/store/sternberg_intelligence.html Mental Models. (2008). Recovered April 17, 2008, from http://www.cs.umu.se/kurser/TDBC12/HT99/Laird.html Mental Models, Metaphor and Design. (2008). Recovered April 17, 2008, from http://www.syntagm.co.uk/structure/articles/mmmad.pdf

Informative Speaking vs. Persuasive Speaking free essay sample

Educating and convincing are two unique things. With regards to Informative talking the objective is to instruct, cause the individual or crowd to see how something functions, an occasion or clarifying an idea utilizing realities. It isnt attempting to advocate a reason. Addressing convince is the way toward making, fortifying, or changing people groups convictions or activities while utilizing feeling. Advising and convincing talking are utilized in ordinary circumstances however its essential to know the contrasts between the two, the variables that make them particular from one another.There are any sorts of Informative discourses, for example, addresses about procedures, about occasions, ideas, yet they all utilization the powerful strategy for investigating and arranging useful talks. With regards to illuminating about an article its in every case better to concentrate on one part of your subject. On the off chance that the item is a vehicle, at that point its better to limit it somewhere near just discussing the motor so the crowd can remain on subject and not be overpowered by the million different pieces of the vehicle you should discuss. We will compose a custom exposition test on Enlightening Speaking versus Powerful Speaking or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Its great to confine the discourse to have between two-five shopping center focuses, making ere to dedicate sufficient opportunity and data to every central matter. Picking a point and explicit reason, breaking down the crowd, gathering materials, picking supporting subtleties, arranging the discourse and utilizing words to convey significance must be done to have an effective enlightening discourse. Discourses about a procedure center around the significant standards or strategies engaged with playing out the procedure. The discourse should be sorted out In a topical request; each progression In the process should be clear and simple to follow. By and by three shopping center focuses are simpler to follow and comprehend than 10 primary concerns. Addresses about occasions are to describe the historical backdrop of an event.The association in these sorts of discourses should be in a sequential request, relating the episodes in a steady progression in the request they happened. Different approaches to discuss an occasion other than determining what happened is by taking the occasion in an alternate edge, suggestion, future turn of events or some o ther way. The subject Just needs to remain coherent and steady. Talks about ideas Include convictions, hypotheses, Ideas, standards, things of that sort. They are more unique than items, procedures or occasions. These sorts of addresses are likewise done in a topical request and it adopts an increasingly mind boggling strategy to characterize the idea youre managing with.Identifying its significant components, representing it with explicit models, discourses about ideas are regularly more unpredictable than different sorts of useful talks. Instead of advising when you address convince you go about as a backer. At the point when individuals listen they search for validity, supporting materials, language, thinking and passionate interests. It is a lot harder to convince than to illuminate, while convincing youre addressing your audience members esteems and convictions. At long last regardless of how fascinating, organized and bolstered your discourse and conveyance was, a few audience members won't concur with you.A convincing discourse will be increasingly powerful if the speaker conveys the message genuinely, has a reasonable objective, and adjusts It to the intended interest group. Focusing on an intended interest group Is decay which part of the crowd you tailor your discourse to accommodate their qualities and concerns. Regularly there are three kinds of powerful discourse, inquiries of realities, inquiries of significant worth and inquiries of arrangement. Powerful talks on inquiries of realities are generally composed topically and at times masterminded spatially. An issue of certainty is an inquiry regarding reality or deception of an affirmation. The speakers intention is constrained to convincing the crowd to acknowledge a specific perspective on the realities. An enticing discourse on question of significant worth is attempting to Justify your case, an inquiry regarding the value, rightness, profound quality, etc of a thought of activity. Its imperative to give extraordinary idea to the measures for your estimation of Judgment. The associations of these addresses are generally topical, the principal central matter is to build up the gauges for your worth Judgment and the subsequent primary concern is to apply the norms to the subject of the speech.Persuasive discourses on question of arrangement manage explicit blueprints, they include inquiries of reality. Inquiries of strategy consistently go past inquiries of truth or incentive to choose whether something ought to or ought not be finished. There are two kinds of addresses on question of approach. The first is discourse to increase uninvolved understanding. Its attempting to get your crowd to concur with you that a specific arrangement is alluring. The second is discourse to increase quick activity. In this kind of discourse you need to go amiss your audience members to make a move and not Just gesture their heads in agreement.The association of talks on question of approach should fall into either an issue arrangement request or an issue cause-arrangement request. The primary objective is to utilize moral sound and strategies to convince your crowd. Here and there an enticing discourse is like a useful discourse yet the two sorts of talks occur in various types of circumstances and for various purposes. At long last they are both generally excellent abilities to have in the case of addressing a crowd of people or a companion, it gives the data we need to state structure and important reason.

Niemann: Picks Disease Essay -- Medicine Medical Genetics Papers

Niemann: Pick's Disease Niemann Pick sickness comprises of a gathering of hereditary issue wherein the basic component is a shifting level of sphingomyelin stockpiling in specific tissues of the body. As indicated by the present arrangement dependent on the enzymatic deformity hidden these disarranges, two principle bunches are recognized. The primary gathering, which involves type A, which is portrayed by an extreme lack in corrosive sphingomyelinase action, incorporates puerile neuronopathic structure; and type B, a grown-up interminable structure without neurologic manifestations. In the second heterogeneous gathering called type C, neuro-instinctive association is gigantic and lipid digestion is influenced. The sphingomyelin that gathers in the lysosomes of the Niemann-Pick ailment cells is thought to emerge from the corruption of cells and their organelles since it is a significant segment of all mammalian cell layers, the myelin sheath and the erythrocyte stroma. In Niemann-Pick type C, the primary lipid collected in patients cells isn't sphingomyelin yet cholesterol, in any case, there is a cozy connection between sphingomyelin digestion and cholesterol digestion. Sphingomyelinase is an acidic lysosomal hydrolase that catalyzes the cleavage of sphingomyelin to phosphoryl choline and ceramide. In patients with Pick’s illness its action is lacking in all lysosome containing tissues. Patients with type A, the juvenile structure have 0.7% of the ordinary sphingomyelinase movement with middle qualities in the scope of 0-1% , while in patients with grown-up beginning neuronopathic or non-neuronopathic illness the action go is 0-19% of the typical, with middle qualities in a few tissues from 2-8% . This chemical imperfection clarifies the enormous affidavit of sphingomyelin in tiss... ...sh Medical Journal: 295(6610):1375-1376. 4. Levade, Salvayre, Maret and Blazy. Endogenous and Exogenous Sources of Sphingomyelinin Pick’s Disease An and B. (1988) Inher. Metab. Dis.: 11, 151-157. 5. Maziere, M. Lageron, Polonovski. Modifications in Cholesterol Metabolism in Cultured Fibroblast From Patients with N-P type C. (1987) Inher. Metab. Dis.: 10, 339-346. 6.Liscum and Faust. Low Density Lipoprotein Mediated Suppression of Cholesterol Synthesis: and LDL Uptake is Defective in N-P Type C Fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem.: 262 (17002-17007). 7. Blanchette, Sokol et. al. Type C Niemann-Pick sickness. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. :263, 3411-3415. 8. Levade and Gatt. Take-up and Intracellular Degradation of Flourescent Sphingomyelin by Fibroblasts From Normal Individuals and a Patient With Niemann-Pick Disease. (1987)Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: 918, 250-257. Niemann: Pick's Disease Essay - Medicine Medical Genetics Papers Niemann: Pick's Disease Niemann Pick sickness comprises of a gathering of hereditary issue wherein the basic component is a fluctuating level of sphingomyelin stockpiling in specific tissues of the body. As indicated by the present characterization dependent on the enzymatic imperfection fundamental these disarranges, two primary gatherings are recognized. The primary gathering, which contains type A, which is described by an extreme inadequacy in corrosive sphingomyelinase movement, incorporates juvenile neuronopathic structure; and type B, a grown-up interminable structure without neurologic indications. In the second heterogeneous gathering called type C, neuro-instinctive contribution is enormous and lipid digestion is influenced. The sphingomyelin that aggregates in the lysosomes of the Niemann-Pick infection cells is thought to emerge from the corruption of cells and their organelles since it is a significant part of all mammalian cell layers, the myelin sheath and the erythrocyte stroma. In Niemann-Pick type C, the primary lipid gathered in patients cells isn't sphingomyelin yet cholesterol, nonetheless, there is a cozy connection between sphingomyelin digestion and cholesterol digestion. Sphingomyelinase is an acidic lysosomal hydrolase that catalyzes the cleavage of sphingomyelin to phosphoryl choline and ceramide. In patients with Pick’s illness its action is lacking in all lysosome containing tissues. Patients with type A, the puerile structure have 0.7% of the typical sphingomyelinase action with middle qualities in the scope of 0-1% , while in patients with grown-up beginning neuronopathic or non-neuronopathic sickness the movement run is 0-19% of the ordinary, with middle qualities in a few tissues from 2-8% . This catalyst imperfection clarifies the monstrous statement of sphingomyelin in tiss... ...sh Medical Journal: 295(6610):1375-1376. 4. Levade, Salvayre, Maret and Blazy. Endogenous and Exogenous Sources of Sphingomyelinin Pick’s Disease An and B. (1988) Inher. Metab. Dis.: 11, 151-157. 5. Maziere, M. Lageron, Polonovski. Modifications in Cholesterol Metabolism in Cultured Fibroblast From Patients with N-P type C. (1987) Inher. Metab. Dis.: 10, 339-346. 6.Liscum and Faust. Low Density Lipoprotein Mediated Suppression of Cholesterol Synthesis: and LDL Uptake is Defective in N-P Type C Fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem.: 262 (17002-17007). 7. Blanchette, Sokol et. al. Type C Niemann-Pick malady. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. :263, 3411-3415. 8. Levade and Gatt. Take-up and Intracellular Degradation of Flourescent Sphingomyelin by Fibroblasts From Normal Individuals and a Patient With Niemann-Pick Disease. (1987)Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: 918, 250-257.

Essay Topics For Students in High School

Essay Topics For Students in High SchoolWriting a good essay should be done as a group, or with a group of students. There are a few essay topics for students in high school that may be difficult to come up with. It is best if you begin writing the topic with the others. You will find that they will help you out and you will learn a lot from working with them.If you have never written an essay before, it can be easy to get lost in the different topics. It helps to give each student a specific topic that they are working on. They can work with their own time frame, but it will be easier if they stick to a specific time frame.The first step is to brainstorm your ideas about the high school essay topic. Then you will have to figure out what you would write about and how it can relate to the topics that you had worked with. You may even want to use your high school senior year textbook as a guide for you to write the essay.Once you have this great idea of what you would like to write abo ut, you will need to create a separate section to focus on the content group. Remember that they will look at different parts of the essay and will make suggestions as to what they think is best.Each topic should start with a statement about learning the material and then move into more information. You will need to add this to a good outline.Each student group will discuss their topic, and you can ask questions as you are getting started. It is best to have an expert to work with you to write the essay, or you can help them do it.Writing the essay is one of the most important things that you will ever have to do. It will get you into a great school, or a great college. Make sure that you put in the extra effort, and you will be able to move through your academic career with more confidence.

Reasons For The Revolution Of The American Revolution

Circumstances that lead colonists to the American Revolution The American Revolution was one that was not started in a day, a week, or even a year. Rather, there were many actions taken and many circumstances that led the colonies toward a revolt. The clashing of colonists and the British caused ill feelings and tensions that built up to violence in some cases. Though the most important of those many factors may be debated, there are 3 that can be broken down to show their significance. The repression of the colonies by the British Parliament through passing of unfair laws, excessive taxation and blockade actions, and British military and Colonial actions that instigated uprisings. The new found colonial spirit structured a culture that began to inspire freedom and innovation for trade. This did not fare well with the British Parliament and after varied successes in the colonies, the Parliament began to see the colonial spirit as a threat. British Parliament attempted to repress the colonies and break the bonds of the culture that the colonies were building. The passing of different proclamations and laws would be the biggest attempts at oppression Parliament would try. After the defeating the French in the Seven Years War, the colonies acquired land west of their settlements. The colonists were elated by the victory because it inevitably meant that a western expansion opportunity was in sight. Not everyone was particularly excited with this notion. King George III had aShow MoreRelatedThe Reasons For The American Revolution992 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the outcomes of the American Revolution only affected rich, white landowners at the time, it unknowingl y provided the stepping stones that will later create equality and liberty for all people in the United States. This historic revolution provided a representative democracy in which future generations may pass or amend laws based on the people’s needs; a radical thought at the time. Other countries since then, such as France and Haiti, have followed the footsteps provided by America inRead MoreReasons For The American Revolution1574 Words   |  7 Pages There are many reason for the American Revolution; however, I broke them up into four major groups: economic causes, ideological causes, strategic causes and political causes. The Proclamation Line of 1763 prohibited American settlement west of Appalachians, protecting Indian fur trade with Britain but limiting American settlement and land speculation. The British government sought to curtail American smuggling and avoidance of British mercantile regulations and customs duties. It also soughtRead MoreThe Main Reason The American Revolution Was Caused Was1395 Words   |  6 Pages The main reason the American Revolution was caused was because the tax of the colonists by the British, in which led the end of the seven-year war of the French and Indian. This issue was more engaged in the North more than the South because of their politician differences. The people that were business leaders, politicians, etc, did not like the situation that was going on they had their particular economy and political interests in enlightenment just to get people the big massesRead MoreAdvantages and Reasons Why the American Colonists Won over the British in the American Revolution1257 Words   |  6 PagesAdvantages and reasons why the American colonists won over the British in The American Revolution During the American Revolution, The British and the American colonists had many difficulties and challenges to overcome. Both sides had great disadvantages and advantages, but the in the end the colonists had the most advantages and won their independence from the British. Some of the most important reasons the colonists won was that they were fighting on their own continent and knew the land betterRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War905 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil war occurred about seventy-eight years after the American Revolution, and has many of the same characteristics of a revolution. In both wars, the American people fought for what they believed in and the way of life that they wished to live. However, the two wars differ from each other, as the soldiers that fought in the Civil War fought a new American Revolution that could have split the new world. The Confederate soldiers in the Civil War fought to keep their way of life withoutRead MoreSavannah Whiting, Carson Lilley, Kennethan Heng . Mr. Porter.1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthree eras of revolution showcase various changes and continuities. The three-hundred year span features revolutions that started because of an assortment of different reasons, while many of them are practically duplicates in their results of the conflict, such as a government being abolished. Although these revolutions present diverse changes over time, the essence of almost every revolution in all three time periods reveals significant continuities between them. The European Revolutions of the 1700sRead MoreWhat Factors During The Colonial Period Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial period led to American colonists declaring independence from the British Empire? Be sure to discuss the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the American Revolution. PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS: The structure of America revolution to address a various issue, which has great impact on America It, was the procedure where the thirteen colonies of North America became independent of Great Britain also then formed a new integrated government. The major reasons of America revolution are cultural, economicRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution718 Words   |  3 Pages The American Revolution took place from 1765 to 1783. There are many well known reasons for the start of the American Revolution like king George III trying to impose tyranny over all the people by heavily taxing the American people and also the problem with trying to control people from the other side of the world. But there is one reason that is often not mentioned, and that is the American Revolution was also fought to preserve slavery. At the time slavery was a normal thing and to thinkRead MoreThe American Revolution Essays1027 Words   |  5 Pagesthe of the American Revolution .During the American Revolution the Seneca people had a critical role. The 3 three Seneca Chief’s , Big Tree, Corn Planter, and Half Town wrote a letter to them asking George Washington to stop killing their people. Some of the Seneca people joined the British, an interesting fact. Who were considering a revolution despite the fact that Native American’s didn’t do anything ? After the research that been done, it can be proven that the American Revolution was actuallyRead MoreThe Causes Of The American And French Revolution742 Words   |  3 PagesBoth the American and French Revolution were times when the people were tired o f being pushed around and rebelled against their own government to try to make it better for the people. The American revolution came before the French Revolution happened. The French Revol ution was based on the American revolution. The leader of the American revolution were George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin franklin, and John Adams. The leader of the French Revolution were napoleon Bonaparte. One cause

A Report Advising Isherwood s Car Company - 1500 Words

Introduction The aims of this report are to provide a report advising Isherwood’s car company and suggest any impact or a threat to their business. In this report I will be explaining a brief of future technology such as web and mobile that will change future businesses over the next five years. This report included information of future technology and the impact of businesses in the next five years. Future technologies and the impact on the business Future Technology In the future, advances technology will change everyday life and businesses beyond recognition. Looking ahead to the next 5 or 10 years, there’s no question technology will continue to dramatically alter our basic understanding of how to conduct businesses, our daily life†¦show more content†¦This connectivity will push other sub trends, such as creating opportunity for new products and services. As we see some are already here today like: open innovation, social sentiment analysis, new businesses, marketing and medicines. Future Education and Technology In the 21st century, technology has changed the way that we communicate teaching and learning process. In the past decade Digital technology has taken the world and impact our daily lives. In the past, students had to meet at the library to work together but now students can work together without having to meet at the library after school. Online learning made a hugs different in student’s life and help them with gathering information’s much more quickly. Students also can access lessons at home while they couldn’t attend the class. Most teachers use mobile applications and website for classroom activities and lessons for students, so that they can access anywhere in the world and to get ready for future lessons. Retails and online shopping Now’s a day, most of the successful retailers are allows both the physical shopper to shop in store and the internet shopper to shop online. Physical shopper will have a change to see the items in person and try in on to make sure they fit on them. The internet shopper will benefit for shopping online in anytime and anywhere. They usually buy items online and collect in

Embryonic Stem Cells free essay sample

Research on stem cells is advancing knowledge about how an organism develops from a single cell and how healthy cells replace damaged cells in organisms. The promise of this research is that if scientist can convert stem cell into regular cells like blood or heart muscles and put it back into the body, then maybe they might find a cure for some of the diseases that plague our world now a days such as Parkinson’s, diabetes, leukemia, heart congestion, bone marrow and many more by replacing failing cells with brand new cells. And the list for organ donors for heart and liver transplants might fade; ultimately this research might lead to practical, affordable ways to eliminate many diseases through DNA engineering. 1)What are Stem cells and where are they found? A)Is the future of medicine with stem cell research? B)What medical benefits have to offer and what it can cure? C) Can stem cell research very well be the next step to evolution? )What are the pros and cons of this research? A)For example is this research moral or immoral? Is it unethical and inhuman? B) Stem cells are taken from human Embryos. We will write a custom essay sample on Embryonic Stem Cells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C) Some may argued that these embryos are leaving people and should not be created for the sole purpose of creating cells. 3)Where does religions belief and government politics stand in all this? A)What are the consequences of politics together with moral divide and human ethics? B)Will the church and government politics have differences in opinions? Will the stem cell debate ever end? C)Why the church opposes Stem cell research? 4)Stem cells and Human Cloning. A) Why the people’s fear of human cloning? B) Is creating stem cells the same as cloning? Conclusion A)crossing ethical boundaries B)We are now leaving in a develop world where the discovery of medecine has come a long way.

The History Of The American Mafia Essays - Organized Crime

The History of the American Mafia Throughout history, crime has existed in many different forms and has been committed by not only individuals, but by groups as well. Crime is something that knows no boundries; it exists in all cultures, is committed by all races, and has existed in all time periods. Crime exists as a part of the economic institution and is a lifestyle for many people. Crime also exists in both organized and un organized forms. Since the early 1900's, "organized" crime has existed in the United States. The following will show where, when, and why the mafia came to the United States, who organized it in the United States, and how it differed from its origins in the European mafia. In the ninth century, Sicily was occupied by Arab forces. The native Sicilians were oppressed and took refuge in the surrounding hills. The Sicilians formed a secret society to unite the natives against the Arab and Norman invaders. This secret society was called Mafia after the Arabic word for refuge. The society's intentions were to create a sense of family based on ancestry and Sicilian heritage. In the 1700's, pictures of a black hand were distributed to the wealthy. This was an unspoken request for an amount of money in return for protection. If the money wasn't paid, the recipients could expect violence such as kidnappings, bombings, and murder. By the nineteenth century, this society grew larger and more criminally oriented. In 1876, Mafia Don Rafael Palizzolo, ran for political office in Sicily. He forced the voters to vote for him under gunpoint. After being elected into office, he promoted Mafia Don Crispi as Prime Minister. Together the two put Sicily under government cont rol and funnelled government funds to the society known as the Mafia. In the 1800's, New Orleans was the largest Mafia site in the United States. It was while investigating the murder of an Italian immigrant that the current Police Chief, David Hennessey discovered the existence of this secret society. Police Chief Hennessey was assassinated before this murder case could go to trial. Twelve men were charged with this assassination but were lynched by a newly formed vigilante group. The Italian Ambassador demanded that the vigilantes be tried. President Harrison who disproved of the vigilantes and gave a large cash settlement to the families of the lynched men. This was a widely publicized case because of its' foreign ramifications and the involvement of the President of the United States. Don Vito, Vito Cascio Ferro, was the first Sicilian Capo de Tutti Capi. He fled to the United States in 1901 to escape arrest and formed a group of the Black Hand. Its' members were hardened criminals currently fugitives from Sicily. He is known as the Father of the A merican Mafia. In 1924, Mussolini was determined to rid Italy of the Mafia so many members fled to the United States to avoid persecution . This increased the numbers of members in the organization. These fleeing Italians were well aware there was money to be made in the United States through extortion, prostitution, gambling and bootlegging. Every large city soon had its own Mafia chapter. Prohibition which was a legal ban on the manufacturer and sale of intoxicating drinks generated a wave of illegal activity since there was big money to be made. During this time, gangsters openly flaunted their wealth and power. This period established many young men as leaders in the New Age American Mafia. Charles Luciano, born in 1897 in Sicily, came to New York in 1906. He trained in the Five Points Gang, a Mafia crew, under John Torrio. In this gang, he became friends with Al Capone and other prominent gangsters. Luciano started his own prostitution racket in the early 1920's and was in total control of prostitution in Manhattan by 1925. In 1929 he was kidnapped, beaten and stabbed severally with an icepick. He miraculously survived but maintained "omerta", which is a vow never to reveal any Mafia secrets or members under penalty of death or torture. By 1935, Luciano was known as The Boss of Bosses. He had previously established Murder Inc. with Bugsy Siegel and Myer Lansky, two other well

Log of the Mayflower essays

Log of the Mayflower essays ISBN 0-911180-02-8, Hardback edition, 1980 What was it like aboard the Mayflower? Often one may think it was fun and adventuresome on the ship; however, the people on board were ordinary people that faced many hardships. In Log of the Mayflower, the author, Philip J. Simon, gives a day by day account of the happenings on the ship. He writes in the form of a journal kept by John, a man aboard the ship. Simon exhausted himself with research and his first completion of the book was in 1935; however, the book had to wait until 1956 to be published. During those twenty-one years, Simon accomplished more research, and when the time came for the publishing of the book, it was practically a different book. This book reveals the reality of life on the sea and the hardships one would face if one were aboard the Mayflower. Although the people aboard the Mayflower were seeking religious freedom in the New World, they were not always righteous and agreeable with others. The book begins on September 5, 1620, one day before the Mayflower set out for the third time to the New World. The first two attempts were unsuccessful because of a dishonest captain. The Puritans set out on August 5, 1620, with two ships, the Speedwell and the Mayflower; however, after going a short distance out, the captain of the Speedwell stated that his ship was leaking. They returned to England, had the Speedwell caulked and once again set out for America. Again the captain claimed it was leaking and not seaworthy; therefore, the two ships once again returned to England. Later, it was found that the captain of the Speedwell purposely strained the ship with too much mast, and this caused it to leak. By causing his ship to leak, he avoided going to the New World. (p.11-13) Because there would only be one ship traveling to the New World, some of the people, who had originally planned to go on the voyage, were required to stay at home and wait for the spring voyage....

Nursing Interventions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Interventions - Essay Example As the nature of problems of a community change over time, the nursing structure in a community should know about the needs and the nature of interventions necessary for the community and how do they change. One important aspect that can be avoided by nursing interventions and feedback is that the control of epidemics. In this paper the community considered is the one that needs the psychiatric nursing care and interventions. The care and interventions prevent the community members from being vulnerable to the psychiatric problems and to contain the inability of facing the challenges. However, it is important to consider the population density, for community nursing regarding psychiatric care as the psychiatric care needs more counseling when compared to physical illnesses (Kelly, Anne (Author), (2003). As mentioned above, the community considered above is that needs psychiatric care and the survey on this community showed that 388 clients referred and about 80 people are not seen. Most of the clients are referred by general practitioners and clients to the community care centers. Hence, the nature of referrals indicates the need of nursing interventions for the people in the community that have psychiatric problems regarding social interactions. ... One third of clients was living in private rented accommodations or no fixed home. In addition to that the half of the clients was unemployed or living in families that have no employed member. As a result the clients lacked the close emotional support offered by partners or family members. Three fifths of the clients were not receiving social service or psychiatric support and 38 percent of them have contacted for psychiatric services. The important request from the referrers was for assessment, advice, and counseling and for hospital admission. Hence, the important problem in the community considered is that to identify the psychiatric and social and health problems of clients and to provide the required intervention. The important problems identified are as follows: 1. Emotional and relationship problems 2. Neurotic problems and personality disorders (Sheppard, Michael (Author). (1991). Plan for Monitoring That Decides on Intervention According to the problems mentioned above timely counseling is necessary for the people in the above mentioned community. Hence, the community nurses should have a plan to visit the houses of the people in the community to know about their status and another itinerary to offer counseling to them. Hence, they can divide the plan into two halves. The first 10 days in every month can be used to know the problems and the status of the patients in the community and the next 20 days can be used to offer counseling to the patients suffering with the problems mentioned in the above chapter. As a result the patients can get timely counseling and the nurses can monitor the condition of the people in the community every month. Interventions for Emotional and Relationship Problems The

Prospects and Problems of Biomass Energy in a Future Global Research Paper

Prospects and Problems of Biomass Energy in a Future Global Sustainable Energy System - Research Paper Example The primary and major emission gas for Greenhouse Gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). When the carbon dioxide goes into atmosphere and changes the weather conditions, the bio-diversity will decrease through increase in temperature. Researchers suggest that biomass has the potential to become one of the major primary sources of energy in the centuries to come. It is believed that bio-energy systems would come out as the important contributors to future sustainable development in industrialized and developing countries. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are the basis of biomass. The energy sources that act in the derivation of biomass energy are garbage and wood. The other sources include landfill gases and alcohol fuels. One can convert biomass into some other forms of energy like methane gas or fuels for transportation. The other utilities from biomass include production of electricity. Sugarcane and corn are some of the resources of biomass energy. The raw material for biomass is much cheaper than other fuels. Probably the oldest source of energy after the sun is biomass. Sun is the source of energy for biomass. Almost half of the biomass used in the present times comes from burning of wood and wood scraps. The biggest user of biomass is industry followed by transportation (National Energy Education Development Project, 2009). Problems of biomass energy Biomass power can have its impact on the environment. Air pollution can be caused in using biomass as a fuel. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and some other particulates can be the forms of pollutants. A pollutant that is created by incomplete combustion of fossil fuel is black carbon which is held as the second largest contributor to cause global warming. The carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. When a carbon is released into the atmosphere it acts as a contributor in climate change. Even though there are some advantages accrued in using biomass fuels, yet it had not been the major source of energy i n everyday life. The traditional biomass energy was dependent upon combustion of woods and leaves. This sort of activity generated carbon into the atmosphere. Recent advancements in technology has reduced the cost of the process and increased the production of ethanol yield of switch grass. This will drive more profits as well as protect the environment. The production of biomass is possible only when crop is raised to serve the purpose of producing the fuels only. The process will use up land which could have been used for other purposes like the normal agricultural process. Scientists opined that these production processes will insert its tool in the ecosystem. This can also result in climate crisis. The production of biomass energy uses a lot of energy to harvest the crops. It requires more water and other fossil fuels to make the fertilizers for the plantation and harvesting processes. It is also difficult to collect biomass. There is also constraint on the availability of bioma ss all round the year. The major constituents of biomass energy production are wheat, barley and corn and they are seasonal crops. Their availability is limited in certain seasons of the year. The source of producing biomass is expensive. Although the fuels of biomass are renewable sources but one cannot find a reduction in the levels of emission. Some amounts of pollutants that are harmful are produced by bio-fuels. This is known as fossil fuels.

How Women Changed During the Civil War Essay Example for Free

How Women Changed During the Civil War Essay The Civil War was a defining moment in American history. It was the event which determined the fate of the nation as the American community was divided into two opposing sides. It was also a time of significant social change. The realm of war previously belonged to the men; it was the male soldiers who fought in the battlefields. However, the Civil War altered the situation. The status of women dramatically changed as they became active participants in the war effort. Indeed, the Civil War opened many opportunities for women and allowed them to be active members of society. This research paper aims to discuss how women changed during the American Civil War, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the said changes. In the 19th Century America, men dominated society and women were regarded as inferior to them. Women lived under the authority of the opposite sex, either that of the father, husband or another relative (Massey, 1994). They were confined in the domestic sphere; their main concerns were their home and family. Women had no voice in the political arena because only the men had dealt with public affairs. Not only was it objectionable for women to fulfill men’s jobs, it was also disagreeable for them to wear men’s clothes (Eggleston, 2003). When the Civil War began, the social lines were blurred. Women suddenly were presented the chance to go beyond their realm and participate in the world of men. They were given roles and jobs that were not accessible to them before. Both the Union and the Confederacy allowed women to take part in the war effort. For the first time, the government allowed women to become doctors and nurses (Eggleston, 2003). Women also served as messengers and spies. Meanwhile, there are also those women whose contributions were domestic in nature; these include cooking, as well as mending and sewing uniforms for the soldiers (Eggleston, 2003; Silber, 2005). These activities may have been the same as those women were tasked to do in the past; however, there was a significant change. Before, women only did those jobs due to the necessity in the household. During the war, the women did those jobs due to the necessity of the nation. Their domestic activities were no longer performed for private purposes; they had become part of the public affairs. However, women were not merely passive participants. They were also directly involved in the war effort as soldiers. The battlefield was reserved for males, but the females eventually found themselves fighting the same war. Women became soldiers by concealing their real identities (Eggleston, 2003). There were many reasons why women opted to disguise themselves as male soldiers. There were those who fought in the war to either escape from their betrothal or to be with their loved ones. Some saw the war as an adventure and craved its excitement. There were others who saw fighting for its financial benefits and the opportunity to better provide for their families. Meanwhile, there were women who took part in the Civil War for more noble reasons; they went to war because they were compelled by duty and patriotism (Eggleston, 2003). Women had to resort to extreme measures to appear like male soldiers. There were women who were immediately discharged because the way they acted revealed their real identities (Eggleston, 2003). Meanwhile, there were women who dramatically changed their actions and behavior before enlistment to successfully disguise themselves. They modified the color of their complexion and learned how to chew tobacco. They used vests with pads to conceal their breasts; the pads also made them seem more bulky and masculine (Eggleston, 2003). Having women disguised as men in war had its share of difficulties. The problems arose from the different toilet habits as well as other personal routines (Eggleston, 2003). Nonetheless, the recruitment of young men in the army proved to be advantageous for the female soldiers. The army consisted mostly of boys, who were still shy and reserved around each other. Most of them were hesitant to relieve themselves in the company of other soldiers; to attend their toilet needs, they had to hide in the woods or others areas which offered privacy. The meek nature of young men was beneficial for the female soldiers because it allowed them to seek privacy without appearing unusual. In addition, the young men of the army have not yet started shaving, so it did not appear unusual for the females if they did not shave (Eggleston, 2003). It is remarkable that women have finally reached the public realm during the Civil War, even if they had to pretend as men to do so. However, that kind of participation had disadvantages. Women who had successfully kept their real identities hidden as part of the army suffered all the difficulties which came with war (Eggleston, 2003). Female soldiers were held captive by their opponents, brought to prison camps and killed in the battlefields. There were those who perished and buried without their real identities discovered. Because women soldiers were not supposed to be fighting in the war, their participation in the war was previously not acknowledged. There were even those who denied the direct involvement of women as soldiers (Blanton, n. d. ). The non-recognition of women fighters in the Civil War prevented the discovery of the total number of female soldiers who offered their services. The numbers available on record are merely estimates. This situation posited a real problem, as it undermined and ignored the contributions of women in the battlefield. During the American Civil War, women changed because they went beyond the roles that were initialed assigned to them. The war effort presented them to enter the public realm of men and participate in it. Women had indeed changed during that time, as they progressed from housewives to participants in war. Women even came in disguise to become soldiers. While it is a great thing that women became active members of the community, some of their contributions were not recognized or accurately recorded because of their secret identities. Nonetheless, this does not diminish that fact that women were a significant part of the American Civil War. References Blanton, D. (n. d. ). Women soldiers and nurses of the American civil war. American Civil War Website. Retrieved March 13, 2009, from http://americancivilwar. com/women/index. html Eggleston, L. G. (2003). Women in the Civil War: Extraordinary Stories of Soldiers, Spies, Nurses, Doctors, Crusaders and Others. North Carolina: McFarland. Massey, M. E. (1994). Women in the Civil War. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. Siber, N. (2005). Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

the problem of evil Essay -- essays research papers

Studies in the Philosophy of Religion THE PROBLEM OF EVIL â€Å"God is the omnipotent and wholly good creator of all things† â€Å"There is evil in the world† a) EXPLAIN THESE TWO STATEMENTS AND SHOW WHY THEY ARE SAID TO BE CONTRADICTORY (20) The problem of evil is usually seen as the problem of how the existence of God can be reconciled with the existence of evil in the world. It’s regarded as a logical problem, because it is based on the apparent contradiction involved in holding onto three incompatible beliefs. This being that God is omnipotent, that God is wholly good and that evil exists in the world. The fact that evil exists in the world constitutes the most common objection to the belief in the existence of the omnipotent (all powerful), omniscient (all knowing) and all loving God of Classical Theism. Classical Theism is the traditional understanding of God as worshipped by Christians, Jews and Muslims. This definition is initially criticised, for being culture-bound, as other religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism don’t believe in one God so can’t be applied to their respective religions. Therefore the problem of evil is only a problem for followers of a theistic religion. God is described as an infinite, self-existent, incorporeal (without body), eternal, immutable (doesn’t change), impassable (incapable of suffering), simple (one entity), perfect (God is seen as a morally perfect being i.e. wholly good), omniscient (all knowing) and omnipotent (all powerful) being. Omnipotence means being able to bring about anything which it is logically possible to bring about. However not being able to bring about that which is logically impossible is not a restriction on omnipotence since the logically impossible is not a characterisation of anything. It is a non-thing. Evil is said to come from the free actions of human beings. God can’t do what’s logically impossible and it’s said to be logically impossible for God to create humans who are free but always choose to do what’s right. This therefore takes the responsibility of evil from God. Omniscience means knowing everything that it is logically possible to know. If God knows everything it is not possible for him to think of something he does not know. This raises the question of whether God knows every little fact; does he know what you’re thinking or what you’re going to do? If so then if he’s omnipotent shouldn... ...d that finding good consequences in bad things is a horrible idea. DOES IRENAEUS’ APPROACH SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF EVIL? There are many instances of good being brought out of evil through a person’s reaction to it, however there are many other cases where the opposite has occurred. Sometimes obstacles result in ones character being strengthened but other times they can be crushing leading to ones character being diminished and left incompetent so unable to grow and develop further. So it would seem any soul making is subject to an individual’s temperament and particular way of dealing with a problem. Therefore this doesn’t remove the contradiction, because there’s evidence of people suffering and not getting better after it. This produces more problems as shows God to be selecting people who he should know would suffer immensely because of this evil. Irenaeus approach takes the blame off God for human suffering. This is what is needed to solve the problem of evil. He places the blame on human free will therefore avoiding questions of God’s nature so in essence removin g the contradiction. People accept that suffering is there for a reason and it’s part of God’s plan for soul making.

Drawing from the K303 materials critically discuss the issues, challenges and benefits in involving the service user to shape and develop services Essay

Involving the service user in shaping services continues to be an important activity within government policy. Drawing from the K303 materials critically discuss the issues, challenges and benefits in involving the service user to shape and develop services. Introduction Health and social care services strive to maintain, increase people’s wellbeing and provide the best care practice to individuals and the community. However, discrepancies arise because generalisations about what people need and how services should operate is still an everyday issue that affects the provision of services. People’s circumstances and opinions differ from one another despite having similar needs on the surface. Therefore, different kinds of support are expected. That is the main reason why people need to become participants in designing and shaping care services. When it comes to user’s involvement, policies have shaped the way social services are delivered as they represent an essential framework to the implementation of consistent and quality practices. As a result, it is utmost for frontline managers and healthcare professionals to adhere to them. However, this process is not straight forward and difficulties emerge (Book 1, pp. 27-28). This essa y will explore the issues, challenges and benefits of engaging service users in shaping and developing services. In order to do this, I will attempt to define the terms policy and service user involvement. Subsequently, I will identify the barriers faced by managers; discuss ways to overcome these challenges. And finally, the benefits of service user involvement will be identified. Policy and Practice Policy can be defined as a plan of action adopted by a person, group or government (Collins Language, 2011). In the history of health and social care, service providers have been influenced by the legacy of paternalism that developed in Victorian times. However, it was only until the 1970 s when emphasis on participation and service user involvement took placed. Through the years, the growing significance of service user involvement helped to eradicate the paternalist approach previously adopted by the government and service providers. Thus, generating a partnership-based  approach. Service user involvement or participation is listening to what people say about the services to have an impact on the way they are delivered. This has also become a key feature of government policies (Book1, p.28). In the course materials, Jane Rees made reference to this statement by emphasizing that ensuring genuine service user involvement was fundamental to her managing role at Redcar and Cleveland MIND (K303, DVD1, Band 2). It is also important to mention that service user involvement derives from two approaches –consumerist and democratic. The first approach refers to service users as customers and consumers of welfare much as they are consumers of other products. This approach, mainly developed by the state, aims to improve efficiency, economy and effectiveness of organisations and services. By drawing on the ideas and experience of service users, it is possible to improve management and decision making (Leggett et al, 1999, quoted in Course Reader, p.22). On the other hand, the democratic/citizenship approach is related to people as citizens as it was developed by users of health and social care services. This model has to do with enabling people to have more input over what happens to them in order to bring about direct change in their lives through both collective and individual action (Priestly, 1999, quoted in Course Reader, p. 22). Why is it important to adhere to policies? And what are the consequences of not adhering to them? Recognition of the importance of service user involvement is at a higher level. Service user’s view are becoming accepted by the government as an important element of evidenced based practice and a critical component when assessing the performance of health and social care agencies (DoH2000b; Scottish Office,1999, quoted in Book1, p.29). User involvement or participation is a complex, heavily politicised and value-based activity that can be related to basic ideas of best practice. At the same time, the experience developed by organisations, service users and supportive providers provides a source of principles for good practice. Although they do not guarantee success they do impact those who ignore them (Course Reader, p 24). It could be mentioned that one of the outcomes of not adhering to policies is the move away from considering the service user’s satisfaction. When an organisation does not take into account the views of the service user’s it will find itself open to criticism and it is  likely to be told to make changes (Stallard, 2011). For example, ignoring the views of service users who are involved in services again their wishes such as adults sectioned under the Mental Health Act 1983 (DoH, 2007) or the right of young people and children to be consulted about their views under the Children Act 1989 (DoH 2001c, quoted in Book1, p.41) could prevent valuable understanding regarding the fairness and equality of the service user’s involvement process. Also, difficulties when measuring and monitoring the quality of the services offered can be encountered when organisations and managers do not adhere to policies. Consequently, this could lead to the miss of any practice that needs to be highlighted or resolved. Moreover, not adhering to policies prevents social care organisations from being inclusive and developing a partnership with people who use the services. This has a direct effect on carers and service users as their right to have a voice and express their individual view is denied (Book1, p.37). Issues, challenges and benefits Issues Frontline staff and managers need to bear in mind that their daily job objective is to maintain a person’s well-being and quality of life. However, that is not an easy task. Taking into consideration that user involvement is paramount to develop good care practices; it is also possible to establish that many difficulties arise when this approach is put into practice. The first issue to be considered is the amount of time it takes to manage and apply the integration of service user’s views into all phases of the social care process and, not as a ‘one off’ consultation session. As an example, considering, listening and understanding children and young people’s views about their lives as well as other people who could help is a time consuming process where preparation is the key. Albeit, preparation requires time; therefore the process can result on management exercising pressure on staff to meet time deadlines. Thus, making the procedure more difficult for practitioners and service users (Book1, p. 37) Another matter that could affect the way the service is provided has to do with power dynamics. Put simply, whether managers are ready to work in conjunction with service users instead of for them and to adopt a practice-led approach (Book1,p. 37). This means that practice could be seen as a joint product where the service users  can contribute at all stages or as long as they wish to (Course Reader, p. 24). However, this may lead to power issues as managers or owners of private social care agencies might face difficulties in relation to the shift of power, resources and engaging service users successfully. On the other hand, service users may not wish to participate or are sceptical of manager’s motives (Book1, p. 37). It could also be argued that the shift of power could place the managers into a position where they feel have little power to empower people. As a result, service users may feel powerless in front of professionals and organisations and this could prevent them from willing to participate (SCIE, 2011). Other inconsistencies may be the concerns expressed b y managers in regards to service user’s expectations as these could be unrealistic, unattainable and unsatisfactory which can result in difficulties to decide appropriate aims(Book1, pp. 37-38).On top of that, managers attitudes towards the service users competence in making decisions can affect the relationship between both parties. Managers may fear saying the wrong thing, exposing the service user’s lack of knowledge or being encountered by with anger or criticism (Harding and Oldman, 1996; Morris, 1994, quoted in Book1, p. 38). Furthermore, it is also worth to mention that in the mainstream of service users involvement to decide ‘who to involve’ represents a dilemma as well. A manager might want to find a ‘representative’ service user. However, this imposes great difficulties due to several reasons such as the diversity of service users groups in terms of culture, race, sexuality and in some cases age (older people or young groups) and different disabilities. On top of that, minority groups, for instance, can feel marginalised as they may feel under or unrepresented in the participation process. It could also be mentioned that marginalisation can occur due to lack of knowledge about user participation too (SCIE, 2011). Challenges As a result of participation challenges have emerged for both managers and service users. Firstly, elements such as time, support and financial costs represent a challenge for managers. To address these issues, it is necessary to recognise that it is imperative to allow sufficient time and support help to build trust between managers and service users. Support refers to the  provision of any help, encouragement, skills and assistant (Course Reader, p.27) Moreover, minimising the costs of participation for service users by paying for their time and travelling expenses could be appropriate. A budget should be allocated to finance the costs of those service users who have a real commitment to participate (Course Reader, p. 26). Secondly, managers encounter challenges in regards to monitoring and evaluating techniques. For example, sending questionnaires to service users is a good way to get feedback. However, a problem is experienced when questionnaires are not returned. A possible solution to this problem would be to ask the service users to fill the questionnaires at the end of a meeting, for example, to ensure they come back or to make a commitment to collect feedback. Thirdly, it is worth to mention that even when service groups reunite with professionals it doesn’t necessarily mean that there is proactive participation. In some cases, participants don’t contribute to the communication process. This could be triggered by services filing away reports about what people said. As people do not get to see the information they do not know what has been said by others or if any changes have been made. Consequently, they are reluctant to have an input as they may feel their opinions are not taken into account (Course Reader, p. 30).A course of action could be to write reports and provide feedback to user groups. These reports should inform what changes have been made in relation to the information given as well as an explanation to why chan ges have not been made (Course Reader, p. 30). Benefits Participation provides exclusive advantages for managers, service users and carers. Among the benefits for managers is the acquisition of new knowledge and experience obtained from service user’s engagement. This knowledge could help managers to understand (or improve) the different methods for involving service users and carers in the individual decision making. Moreover, this could prove to be beneficial for the development of an organisation’s structure when it comes to making changes or improving services that are being delivered. The benefits for service users and carers can be associated not only to an individual level but to a community level as well. That is to say, service users and carers can benefit on a personal level by  increasing confidence as they get to know their rights and how to access services. Service users can also take part in planning care that fulfills their individual needs. Moreover, carers might improve their skills and gain job satisfacti on as they are delivering better tailored care. They can also develop the necessary skills, experience and knowledge regarding the importance of participation trough training (Course Reader, p. 44). Conclusion Health and social care services policies have changed through the years. Current policies emphasise on the implementation of consistent and quality practices through service user involvement. Nevertheless, as there is no single user’s view managers face a series of practical issues and challenges when implementing participation. To tackle these problems, managers must find methods to address these challenges effectively. By doing this, what is considered a challenge can be turned into a series of benefits as successful user involvement proves to be a useful tool to identify issues, make changes and improve the service provided. References Collins Language (2011) [online] http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=3&reversed=False&action=define&homonym=1&text=policy (Accessed 3rd November, 2011) Department of Health (2007) Mental Health Act 1983[online] http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/publicationsandstadistics/legislation/Actsandbills/DH_4002034 (Accessed 17th November, 2011) Stallard, D. (5th November, 2011, 14:07) ‘Block 1Forum Activity’, forum message to K303 2011. The Open University (2003) K303, Managing Care in Context, DVD 1, Band 2 ‘A meeting of Minds’, Milton Keynes, The Open University. The Open University (2003) K303, Managing Care in Context, Chapter 2, ‘What service users say about services: the implications for managers’, Unit 2.1 ‘Introduction’, Milton Keynes, The Open University. The Open University (2003) K303, Managing Care in Context, Chapter 2.

Pictures and Profiles of 80 Carnivorous Dinosaurs