Divided We Stand Institutional Sources For Ethno Federal...

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Henry Hale’s article â€Å"Divided we Stand: Institutional Sources for Ethno federal State Survival and Collapse†. Hale’s attempts to respond to the criticism leveled against ethnofederalism, which posits that ethnofederal institutional arrangement leads to secession and consequently failure of central state. He argues that existence of a core ethnic region facilitates separatism and secessionism, which if addressed will resolve the misconception about ethnofederalism. His theory of a state’s collapse is solid and well argued. However, there are some contradictions in its casual mechanism, which can be perfected with further research. This review proceeds as follows. The first section provides a brief summary of the article. The second section discusses the articles methodology, and the last section provides critique of the article. Summary: The author looks at the sources leading to survival or collapse of ethnofederal states, and is seeking to explore the casual mechanisms leading to instability of ethnofederal state by examining the factors leading ethnofederal states to disintegration or civil wars. Hale argues that ethnofederal states that have a core ethnic region (CER) are highly prone to collapse. He defines CER as â€Å"a single ethnic federal region that enjoys dramatic superiority in population† (Hale 166). Hale posits that the presence of CERs in ethnofederal states is likely to cause three main challenges. These include ‘dual

The Different Types Of Disabilities - 876 Words

The different types of disabilities In today’s society, there are numerous of disabilities that people struggle with on a daily bases. These disabilities have to be address in academic environment, especially for children. In an academic environment educators have to be able to identify intellectual disabilities, autism, multiple disabilities, and design a curriculum that will help develop their learning skills.† As a matter of policy and mandate, meaningful literacy education must be provided to and supported for all student† (Agran, p.89, 2011). No Child Left Behind act ensures that a child is given an education that will cultivate their learning, and that means that the educational system has to adapt to any child with or without a†¦show more content†¦This disability can also be classified from moderate to severe when a student in place in a academic environment. Which will require for the school to make many accommodations for the students using visua l aids, assistive devices, and teaching strategies that will help cultivate the learning process for the student. According to Hamour Muhaida (2013), â€Å"They need to be taught the necessary skills that will enable them to negotiate the social environment, communicate their needs†. Autism is only one very common mainstream disability that school systems have to accommodate with the Individual Disabilities Education Act. Not to mention, many times there are children who have multiple disorders within the academic environment.† Multiple disabilities means concomitant impairments (such as mental retardation–blindness, mental retardation–orthopedic impairment, etc.†(Applequist, p.3, 2011). Children with multiple disabilities are often hard categorize in academic learning environment due to the multiple disabilities that a child may demonstrate. There may be cognitive, physical, sensory, and emotional delays that will require usage of assistive devices. This will also involve the additional teaching strategies and instruction for students to be successful in the academic environment.

Character of A Happy Warrior free essay sample

‘Character of the Happy Warrior’ is a poem written by William Wordsworth in which the characteristics possessed by a warrior are described. Wordsworth is an eighteenth century poet and published this in 1850. According to me, Professor Hammett should include this poem in his syllabus next time he teaches ENG 2320 because; the students will learn more about importance of nationalism during the Romanticism, also this work fits in another poem included in the syllabus this year called ‘The Charge of The Light Brigade’ by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and the two critics have great things to add refering to the emphasis Wordsworth placed on the word ‘nature’ and why hasn’t he given any names to identify who he is refering to as being a warrior. There are many things that the students can take away from this particular poem by Wordsworth. For example: Emotions is one of the characteristics of the Romanticism period as discussed in class, where Wordsworth says that a warrior, â€Å"Keeps faithful with a singleness of aim; And therefore does not stoop, nor lie in wait. For wealth, or honours, or for worldly state†(Wordsworth, 40). In these lines, the poet describes how a true warrior is not cought up in the material world and he maintains his moral values and integrity towards himself and the nation. As a critic to this poem, the author of ‘Restoration of The Warrior’ named John Brown Hamilton, says that the warrior’s â€Å"performance in daily life is based on concepts of reason, moral law, and political integrity†(Hamilton, 318). In this statement, the author is trying to explain what Wordsworth refers or relates to when he describes the virtual characteristics of the warrior. According to me, one thing students can take from this part of the poem that takes on ethics is that; in today’s world, individualism rules everyone and like Wordsworth discussed through his peom ‘Ode: Intimations of Immortality’ about humans chasing material happiness. Thus, it’s important to visualize the bigger picture and ask ourselves the main reason for doing what we do. Even though the poem ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Lord Alfred Tennyson was from a Victorian period, it fits into the roles and characteristics that are possessed by a soldier. We learned in class that Tennyson got an honor of being a ‘poet laureate’ after Wordsworth died in the eithteenth century. In Tennyson’s poem, the soldiers risk their lives by not looking back and moving further because, they are true to their commitment and promise, says â€Å"Stormd at with shot and shell,? Boldly they rode and well†(3). In comparison to Wordsworth’s poem, the soldier is shown to have similar qualities for example: he says, â€Å"Who, if he rise to station of command, Rises by open means; and there will stand. † Here we see that the poet is showing how the soldier follows and obeys the orders given to him and never takes a step backward despite of the challenges he has to face. Regardless of the similarities of the characteristics seen in the soldiers during this period, modern day societies still view them as a heroic and one who lives by his promises, and this is â€Å"What every man in arms should wish to be†(Wordsworth, 2). Thus, we see some sort of similarity between these poems written in two different time periods but the concept was the same. Wordsworth spent most of his time defining and emphasizing ‘nature’ in his works. Hamilton says that, â€Å"We may recall the function of reason with relation to nature, as one of the guides for man’s conduct, in much the same way that Wordsworth states that it is a guide for the conduct of the Happy Warrior† (Hamilton, 318). By this, the critic describes how Wordsworth tries to link thoughts and actions of an individual to nature and it’s reasoning. I agree with him because, I think the more time we spend thinking about where we come from and what is the main purpose of us on this planet, the more the underlying reasons are discovered. Somewhere we surely end up identifying or thinking about the Almighty’s creation of nature and how it all works out. Eric C. Walker is the author of the book called ‘Studies In Romanticism’ and a critic for showing why Wordsworth didn’t use someone as the warrior’s identity. In his chapter â€Å"Wordsworth, Warriors, and Naming,† Walker says, â€Å"The hero of this poem is anonymous. The poem opens up by creating expectations of naming-â€Å"Who is the happy warrior? Who is he/ Who every Man in arms should wish to be? † Naming is a problem in the definition, however, because the ideal happy warrior should be indifferent to his name regardless of his fate. † (Walker, 225). I agree to what Walker has to say because, once the reader has a certain name they tend to focus on somebody else’s quality rather than feeling comfortable to owning some of the characteristics. Wordsworth has done a great job by keeping the identity annonymous, this way it gives the readers a chance to own the qualities or think about their heros or mentors while reading the poem. This is how Wordsworth’s poem ‘Character of the Happy Warrior’ fits into Romanticism and the characteristics of this period such as nationalism, individualism, and emotions. According to me, Professor Hammett should definitely look into including this poem in his syllabus next time he teaches ENG 2320 because, students can personally relate to some of the characteristics described in various ways, be it for themselves or their heros. The critics have also explained the positive sides of this poem, and it relates to some other literature works we studied in class. In conclusion, I loved researching Wordsworth’s poems just like I loved the one we went over in class called ‘Ode’ and I found a lot of other interesting ones too but, somehow ‘Character of the Happy Warrior’ seemed a very encouraging and uplifting poem. Works Cited

Definition and Role of Project Methodologies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Definition and Role of Project Methodologies. Answer: Definition of Project Methodologies and Role of Methodologies Project methodologies that are involved inproject management are type of model that are mainly employed by the managers who are dealing with the project. The project managers uses methodology for designing the project, planning the project, implementing a project, and then gets achievement fulfilling the objectives planned in the project. There are many methodologies involved in project management so that to get benefits out of the projects (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). Aproject management methodology has its roots in many sectors such as military defense, construction, and engineering. The activities ofproject management generally take place in an informal basis or in an ad-hoc basis for more than thousand years. Until 1950, disciplined methodologies were not used. After 1950, disciplined and formal methodologies started among all the organizations and definition of methodologies ofproject management evolved. The approaches that are included for managing all the works specifies the best way so that the project can be initiated, executed, and planned (Schwalbe, 2015). The methodologies of project management made the projects much smaller and the projects can be controlled easily with less complexity. But the projects that are dealt now a days are more complex and are subjected to risk. Methodologies involved in project management plays significant role in the life cycle of the project. The methodologies help to specify the tasks included in project management. The tasks that are needed to be undertaken are generally specified by methodologies and the time to complete the tasks so that the order can be maximized to utilize resources and time. The methodologies specifies the tasks that are to be submitted first keeping in mind the next steps that are to be followed that depends on the next one to complete the project (Fleming Koppelman,, 2016). The project manager introduces some strategies of risk management if the project deals with some risk. The scope of project, the resources that are available, the time that the project needs to be delivered, and time constraints are generally defined by the methodologies that are used in project management. Different projects need different methodology, which are effective for completing a project. For example, in order to pi ck up a methodology for a project, it is similar to decide a recipe for making cookies using chocolate chips (Turner, 2016). As there are many recipes of baking cookies that recommends to bake a cookie using butter of room temperature, and other may suggest to use melted margarine or may use dark chocolate instead of chocolate chips. Similarly, selecting a methodology for a project needs to known the type of project that is to be undertaken. The ingredients that are available for a project to pick a methodology is project timeline, project tools, people involved, and project constraints. Comparison between PMBOK methodology and Agile Scrum methodology The similarities between Agile Scrum and PMBOK methodologies are: Both of the methodologies gives the project team with certain set of techniques and templates for managing the projects irrespective of re-invention. Both of them handle almost same type of project having same characteristics such as accelerated change, unique deliverables, resource limitation and budget limitation, and delineated timelines (Serrador Pinto, 2015). The risks that can come from the project can be handled by both the methods involved in an undertaking project. The differences between the methodologies are: The PMBOK methodology mostly emphasize the importance regarding the planning, while on the other hand Agile method works on assumption that states the deliverables can be too complex the up-front is unknowable. The agile scrum methodology mainly is suitable for smaller projects and provides less project structure with the scrum master that has iterative processes for developing cycle of the processes in project management (Martinelli Milosevic, 2016). On the other hand, PMBOK methodology works with larger projects. Agile methodology involves inspection, adaptation, and visibility while PMBOK involves adaptation and inspection. Importance of Agile Scrum Methodology in PLC (Project Life Cycle) The method of Agile Scrum acts as in iterative as well as imperative methodology of managing the project in project management life cycle. The Agile Scrum helps to evolve the landscape of the project and also maintains the time of delivery of the project. The Agile scrum methodology helps to divide the process in several phases that results the product in a ready to state process (Heldman, 2018). A fine product or service id delivered to the customer at the end of all steps that deals with scrum methodology. The feedbacks from the customer also play a vital role in the agile scrum methodology in project life cycle. The problems that arise in agile methodologies generally address the need of the customer. The involvement of the user is basically encouraged so that the transparency and the visibility of the project is shown, showing all actual progress of the undertaking process. Agile method in PLC works with iterative planning, making the process very easy to fulfill the requirement of the project. There are ,many phases that are involved in agile scrum methodology of PLC. The steps are: 1) create a product backlog; 2) create a sprint backlog and sprint planning; 3) work on sprint having scrum meetings; 4) product and testing the demonstration; 5) plan for the next sprint. There are many advantages of agile scrum methodology. The advantages that are provided by this methodology involve high quality of product, satisfaction of customer is higher, and reduces risks. The main features that are involved in the method of scrum is that the method produces contiguous and agility progress of work (Joslin Mller, 2015). There should be close co-operation in between the stakeholders of all the processes and communication should be made clear. In the sprint planning, the owner of the project mostly communicates with the team following the agile scum. References Fleming, Q. W., Koppelman, J. M. (2016, December). Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Heldman, K. (2018).PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley Sons. Joslin, R., Mller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), 1377-1392. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Martinelli, R. J., Milosevic, D. Z. (2016).Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Serrador, P., Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does Agile work?A quantitative analysis of agile project success.International Journal of Project Management,33(5), 1040-1051. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.

The Use and Effects of Adderall on People free essay sample

The use and effects of Adderall on People Brand name Adderall was introduced in 1996 in the forms of a multi-dose, instant-release, slow, or a time release capsule that came from the original formula used in a weight management drug Obetrol. It has become available in a generic formulation, mixed amphetamine salts. The active ingredients of Adderall include a combination of dextroamphetamine and racemic D/L amphetamine salts. Adderall is prescribed in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the circumstance in which a child exhibits a short attention span and becomes easily perplexed, overly poignant, excessively vigorous, and highly spontaneous. Also new studies show that another symptom of ADHD that cam be controlled by Adderall is extreme mood swings. It should be used as part of a broader management plan that includes psychological, educational, and social measures, and should only be used under the strict observation of a trained professional. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use and Effects of Adderall on People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An extended-release (XR) form of the drug, called Adderall XR, is available for once-daily treatment of ADHD. Adderall, a â€Å"cocktail† mixture of four different amphetamine salts, was first developed about 25 years ago and marketed under the name Obetrol for weight loss and diet control. In 1996 the FDA approved Adderall for unrestricted use for treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder and Adderall is quickly becoming a physician favorite for the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder in children and adolescents. If parents must choice a prescription ADHD medication, Adderall and Adderall XR is generally a better choice for many reasons. Adderall last about six hours per dose and remains active in the body longer than a dose of Ritalin, another similar drug. This longer acting dose alleviates the need for school day dosing but will impede with sleep if taking the Adderall medication in the afternoon or evening hours. Adderall’s side effects are also often less harsh than Ritalin’s. Many patients report less â€Å"peaks and valleys† than Ritalin and less of a withdrawal than Ritalin. Ritalin also tends to cause more stomach discomfort and tends to produce more moodiness than Adderall. But, all Attention Deficit Disorder medication, Adderall included, has a potentially harmful side effect. Adderall is an amphetamine that works on children in the same way amphetamines work on adults. Children are subject to the same unfavorable Adderall side effects as adults using amphetamines, with the most common amphetamine and Adderall side effects being loss of appetite, weight loss and insomnia, also has a great risk of addiction for anybody that does not actually have ADD or ADHD. In most cases, the Adderall side effects are placid but some Adderall side effects, though atypical, are life threatening. Parents need to be clear about the benefits of Adderall medication as well as the possible Adderall side effects of using these drugs prior to choosing to place their child on prescription ADHD medication. Adderall medication can be helpful in the short term in controlling Attention Deficit Disorder symptoms but many doctors feel the potential Adderall side effects should be carefully weighed before prescribing drugs like Adderall medication. Adderall is a reformulated version and close cousin of the ADHD medication Dexedrine. Dextroamphetamine is classified as schedule II category V controlled substance, a classification given to medical drugs with the highest abuse potential and dependence profile. Drug Enforcement Agency data on methylphenidate and amphetamine shows that both have high exploitation liabilities. These substances are powerful stimulants and Adderall abuse, along with Ritalin abuse, is extensive. Other Adderall abuse reports students selling their Adderall medication to friends and schoolmates. Because Dextroamphetamine can have a retail value in the high school parking lot, doctors often avoid prescribing Adderall medication to teenagers. Individuals respond differently to Adderall medication levels and dosages. While toxic overdose symptoms are rare with doses of less than 15 mg, toxic Adderall XR symptoms occasionally occur at Adderall medication doses as low as 5 mg. Methylphenidate and amphetamine abuse produce behavioral and psychological effects similar to cocaine. The Adderall side effects of Adderall abuse include belligerence and irritability, hyperactivity, and personality changes. If one decides to abruptly stopping Adderall after prolonged high dosage prescribed use Adderall results in extreme fatigue and mental depression. The most severe, though rare, Adderall side effect of abuse is psychosis. This Adderall abuse side effect is often clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia. Long-term methylphenidate and amphetamine use has also been linked to abnormalities in brain development, similar to those found with long-term cocaine use. Changes on the sleep EEG are also noted with Adderall abuse. It is normal for parents to query whether taking a powerful stimulant like Adderall medication is in their childs best interests. Amphetamine stimulants like Adderall are worrisome for many reasons, predominately because of the potential for harmful Adderall side effects and high potential for Adderall abuse. Adderall is prescribed in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the condition in which a child exhibits a short attention span and becomes easily distracted, overly emotional, excessively active, and highly impulsive. It should be used as part of a broader treatment plan that includes psychological, educational, and social measures. An extended-release form of the drug, called Adderall XR, is available for once-daily treatment of ADHD. The regular form of Adderall is also prescribed for. Adderall, like all amphetamines, has a high potential for abuse. If used in large doses over long periods of time, it can cause dependence and addiction. In addition, misusing an amphetamine may cause serious heart problems or even sudden death. Be careful to take Adderall only as prescribed by your doctor. Side effects of Adderall may include depression, dry mouth, heart attack, high blood pressure, hives, impotence, overstimulation, rapid or pounding heartbeat, seizures, stomach and intestinal disturbances, stroke, sudden death, weight loss. Side effects of Adderall XR may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, fever, infection, insomnia, loss of appetite, mood swings, nausea, nervousness, vomiting, weakness, weight loss. Adderall can make tics and twitches worse. If Tourettes syndrome is present, make sure the doctor is aware of it. Amphetamines such as Adderall have also been known to exaggerate symptoms in seriously disturbed individuals. If the problem is attention-deficit disorder, the doctor will do a complete history and evaluation before prescribing Adderall, taking particular account of the severity of the symptoms and the age of your child. If the problem is a temporary reaction to a stressful situation, Adderall is probably not called for. At present, there has been no experience with long-term Adderall therapy in children. However, other amphetamine-based medications have been known to stunt growth, so your doctor will need to watch the child carefully. Whether the problem is attention-deficit disorder or narcolepsy, the doctor will keep the dosage as low as possible. In children 3 to 5 years of age the usual starting dose is 2. 5 milligrams daily. Each week, the doctor will raise the daily dosage by 2. milligrams until the condition is under control. In children 6 years of age and older the usual starting dose is 5 milligrams once or twice a day. Each week, there after, the daily dosage may be increased by 5 milligrams. Only in rare cases will a child need more than 40 milligrams per day. In adults the usual total daily dose ranges from 5 to 60 milligrams, taken in 2 or more smaller doses. In children under 12 years of age the usual starting dose is 5 milligrams daily. Each week, the doctor will raise the daily dose by 5 milligrams until the condition is under control. In children 12 years of age and older the usual starting dose is 10 milligrams daily, with weekly increases of 10 milligrams daily until the drug takes effect. In children 6 years of age and older the usual starting dose for children taking Adderall XR for the first time is 10 milligrams once daily in the morning. At weekly intervals, the doctor may increase the daily dosage by 5 or 10 milligrams, up to a maximum of 30 milligrams a day. ADD and ADHD are more commonly found in children because with age the disorder tends to go away.

Healthy vs Healthful

Healthy vs Healthful Healthy vs Healthful Healthy vs Healthful By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the use of the adjectives healthy and healthful: Would you please do a segment explaining how, when, and why healthy and healthful should be used correctly. My tentative belief is that people are healthy or not so; and that foods are healthful or not so. Am I correct? Many speakers like to draw a strict difference between these two adjectives, but it’s not necessary. The argument Some speakers insist that healthy must be applied only to someone or something that enjoys good health: The healthy children ran and played in the sunshine. Every country desires a healthy economy. Healthful, on the other hand, is to be used only to describe something that promotes or contributes to bodily health: The parents petitioned the school authorities to provide more healthful school lunches. The healthful ingredients include broccoli and cabbage. The reality When it comes to standard usage, healthy is used with both meanings by the majority of speakers and writers. In The New York Times, for example, one may read about both â€Å"healthy children† and â€Å"healthy breakfasts.† Both adjectives have been in the language for a very long time. The first OED citation for healthful with the meaning â€Å"wholesome, health-giving† is dated 1398. The first example of healthy with the same meaning is dated 1577. If making a distinction between healthy and healthful gives speakers a sense of satisfaction, then they should do so. However, they needn’t criticize the majority of speakers who use healthy with both meanings. The usage that pains my grammar nerve is this: How to Eat Healthy New Year’s Resolution to Eat Healthy A few speakers may say, â€Å"Eat healthfully,† but the online evidence suggests that healthy is about to morph into an adverb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Excited ABOUT, not "for" Parataxis and Hypotaxis

Radiation and Cancer or Causes of Cancer Research Paper

Radiation and Cancer or Causes of Cancer - Research Paper Example Acquired or hereditary abnormalities in the regulatory genes cause development of cancer. However, only 5-10% of cancer is hereditary. Cancer may be detected from symptoms or radiology findings. Definitive cancer diagnosis however requires a biopsy specimen for microscopic examination. Today, many types of cancer can be treated through radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. The extent of the disease and type of cancer commonly influence prognosis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2010), cancer accounted for about 13% (7.9) million deaths worldwide in 2007 alone. With changes in lifestyles as the world develops and changes that occur due to old age, cases of cancer are fast increasing which means that the disease will continue to claim more lives with time (WHO, 2010). Causes of Cancer Chemical and Physical agents Environmental factors accounts for about 90-95% causes of cancer according to Jemal, (2011). Chemicals are the main causes of cancer. Pathogenesis of canc er can be traced back to mutations of DNA that cause metastasis and cell growth. Mutagens are substances that cause mutations of DNA. Tobacco smoking accounts for 25-30% of cancer and is also associated with many forms of cancer. It also causes about 89% of cancer of the lungs. Alcohol is a chemical carcinogen which is not a mutagen whereas tobacco is both a carcinogen and a mutagen. In Western Europe, alcohol causes 10% and 3% of cancers in males and females respectively (Jemal, 2011). Sasco, (2004) observes that in every three deaths of cancer, tobacco accounts for one death in economically developed nations, and about one for every five in the entire world. In spite of these facts, smoking rates are fast increasing world wide leading to the â€Å"tobacco epidemic† as some organizations describe it. Physical agents also cause cancer through their physical effects on cell. For example, prolonged exposure to mineral fibers and asbestos are major causes of cancer. Physical car cinogens must get into the body and one has to be exposed for years for cancer to develop. Diet and Lack of Physical Exercises Poor diet and lack of physical exercise is another cause of cancer, accounting for approximately 30% of cancer cases. In the US, excessive body weight is believed to develop many forms of cancer and accounts for 14-20% of cancer deaths (WHO, 2010). WHO also notes that lack of physical activities also increases body weight besides negatively affecting endocrine production and the body’s immune system. Diets that lack whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and those rich in red meat and highly processed foods are also linked to cancer. A diet high in salt causes gastric cancer while aflatoxin B1 causes liver cancer. The high risk of immigrants developing cancer in relation to the risk in their new country shows the relationship between diet and cancer according to WHO (2010). Infections It is estimated that about 18% of worldwide cancers are caused by inf ectious diseases (WHO, 2010). This proportion varies with the part of the world. For example, WHO estimates that 25% of cancer cases in developing nations and 10% in developed nations are caused by infections. Cancer is normally caused by viruses, bacteria and other pathogen or infectious agents. Cancers that are caused by viruses include (oncovirus) cervical carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and T-cell leukemia among